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c43edaccb17ae0fb827761968e17db06
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Papers of Governor Allan Shivers
Subject
The topic of the resource
Papers of Governor Allan Shivers
Description
An account of the resource
Collection of letters, memorandums, telegrams, and official statements from Governor Allan Shivers on positions of states' rights, presidential at Mansfield High School. The question of interposition is explored as a possibility in circumventing the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board. Shivers' support for Republican candidate Dwight Eisenhower is shown through official statements and letters to the President reflecting on the close ties the two developed. The Crisis at Mansfield is shown through the Governor's official orders sending the Texas Rangers to Mansfield and ensuring its continued segregation. Widespread support for Shivers' actions is evidenced by telegrams from citizens around the state. The lack of federal response to the crisis demonstrates the cautious approach Eisenhower took in avoiding a flare up with Allan Shivers and Texas.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Press Memorandum Allan Shivers 1956-08-31 Part II
Subject
The topic of the resource
Press memorandum
Description
An account of the resource
The Governor’s orders sending the Texas Rangers to Mansfield High School to keep the peace on August 31, 1956. The presence of Texas Rangers would ensure the failure of integration in Mansfield. Rather than enforce court orders on integration, Governor Shivers justified his actions as ensuring peace in Mansfield and allowing time for a possible appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court in staying integration orders.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
"Press Memorandum Shivers 1956-08-31," Box 532, Texas Governor Allan Shivers, Texas State Library and Archives Commission at Austin
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1956-08-31
1956
Mansfield
memorandum
Shivers
Texas Rangers
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7490e6151404581b0d130776e1055647
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Images of The Mansfield Crisis
Subject
The topic of the resource
Images of The Mansfield Crisis
Description
An account of the resource
A collection of images of the crisis at Mansfield that include effigies hanging in front of the school and the mob crowded outside, to the Ku Klux Klan marching through Beaumont, Texas in 1922.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Texas Ranger in Mansfield
Subject
The topic of the resource
The Texas Rangers were deployed to Mansfield.
Description
An account of the resource
Governor Allan Shivers ordered Texas Rangers to be dispatched in an effort to maintain order at the school as segregationists gathered to protest the federal court order to integrate students in 1956. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) viewed the use of the Texas Rangers as an attempt to maintain segregation. Leaders of the NAACP saw the governor’s actions as contrary to the Supreme Court order. Governor Shivers blamed the problem at Mansfield on the NAACP and commented that “the paid agitators ought to be put in jail” (see footnote). The back and forth exchanges between both sides indicated the divisive nature of the integration issue as Mansfield became a battleground that challenged the “separate but equal” law when the NAACP filed Jackson v. Rawdon on October 7, 1955.
Bibliography: Robyn Duff Ladino, Desegregating Texas Schools: Eisenhower, Shivers, and the Crisis at Mansfield High (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1996), 117-118.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1956
1956
desegregation
integration
Mansfield
Texas Rangers
-
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b79ae3755f757d7d78983ee4482e6a0b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Images of The Mansfield Crisis
Subject
The topic of the resource
Images of The Mansfield Crisis
Description
An account of the resource
A collection of images of the crisis at Mansfield that include effigies hanging in front of the school and the mob crowded outside, to the Ku Klux Klan marching through Beaumont, Texas in 1922.
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Texas Rangers pose in front of effigy at Mansfield High School
Subject
The topic of the resource
Texas Rangers stand in front of Mansfield High School, where an effigy of an African American hangs above the front door.
Description
An account of the resource
On August 31, 1956 segregationists gathered at the Mansfield High School to prevent African American students from registering for the upcoming school year. The same day Governor Allan Shivers dispatched Texas Rangers to Mansfield as a sign to maintain law and order. The memorandum instructed Colonel Garrison to “arrest anyone, white or colored, whose actions are such as to represent a threat to the peace" (see footnote below). The first day of school and final day of registration was Tuesday, September 4. Captain Crowder dispatched a total of nine Texas Rangers on site that Tuesday morning as a precautionary measure for crowd control (see footnote below). No African American students registered or attended Mansfield High School in 1956.
Bibliography: Robyn Duff Ladino, Desegregating Texas Schools: Eisenhower, Shivers, and the Crisis at Mansfield High (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1996), 102, 111
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1956
1956
desegregation
effigy
integration
Mansfield
Texas Rangers