Allan Shivers to Dwight Eisenhower 1953-07-13
letter
Allan Shivers thanks Dwight D. Eisenhower for the attention Eisenhower has given to the states in the southwest that have been experiencing extreme drought. This demonstrates Shivers admiration towards Eisenhower on political issues.
Letter, Allan Shivers to Dwight D. Eisenhower, July 13, 1953, Eisenhower, Dwight D.: Papers as President of the United States, 1953-61, (Ann Whitman File), Name Series, Box 30, Shivers, Allan, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Abilene, Kansas.
1953-07-13
Allan Shivers to Dwight Eisenhower 1953-07-16
letter
Allan Shivers shares his thought to Dwight D. Eisenhower on the Supreme Court case (Brown v. Board of Education). Shivers states that "there is nothing more local that the public school system. This demonstrates Shivers stance on school segregation, and will continue to take this stance during the Mansfield Crisis.
Letter from Allan Shivers to Dwight D. Eisenhower on school segregation, July 16, 1953, Eisenhower, Dwight D.: Records as President, Official File, Box 614, OF -142-A-4 Negro Matters-Colored Question-Segregation-Integration (1); NAID#12171143, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Abilene, Kansas. http://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/research/online_documents/civil_rights_brown_v_boe.html.
Dwight D. Eisenhower Library
1953-07-16
Allan Shivers to Dwight Eisenhower 1953-10-07
letter
Allan Shivers thanks Dwight D. Eisenhower the birthday wish, and Shivers looks forward to their next visit. This demonstrates Shivers and Eisenhower's friendly relationship outside the political arena.
Letter, Allan Shivers to Dwight D. Eisenhower, October 07, 1953, Eisenhower, Dwight D.: Papers as President of the United States, 1953-61, (Ann Whitman File), Name Series, Box 30, Shivers, Allan, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Abilene, Kansas.
1953-10-07
Allan Shivers to Dwight Eisenhower 1953-10-09
letter
Allan Shivers wishes Dwight D. Eisenhower a happy birthday, and looks forward to their next visit with each other. This demonstrates Shivers and Eisenhower's friendly relationship outside the political arena.
Letter from Allan Shivers to Dwight D. Eisenhower, October 09, 1953, Eisenhower, Dwight D.: Papers as President of the United States, 1953-61, (Ann Whitman File), Name Series, Box 30, Shivers, Allan, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Abilene, Kansas.
1953-10-09
Allan Shivers to Rep. Joe Pool 1956-09
Letter
Shivers’ response to State Representative Joe Pool. The Governor denied the request for a special session of the legislature to consider outlawing the NAACP’s practices in Texas for the moment.
"Shivers to Pool 1956-09," Box 532, Texas Governor Allan Shivers, Texas State Library and Archives Commission at Austin.
1956-09
Allan Shivers to Robert Hayes 1956-09
Letter
A letter from Allan Shivers to Robert "Bob" Hayes thanking him for his support during the Mansfield Crisis. Shivers views the majority of responses to his Mansfield decision as favorable.
"Shivers to Hayes 1956-09," Box 532, Texas Governor Allan Shivers, Texas State Library and Archives Commission at Austin.
1956-09
Allan Shivers to The Advisory Committee on Segregation 1956-02-23
Letter
Shivers reaffirming his support for the interposition proposal and an amendment to the U.S Constitution clarifying and strengthening the Tenth Amendment.
"Allan Shivers to The Advisory Committee on Segregation 1956-02-23," Box 523, Texas Governor Allan Shivers, Texas State Library and Archives Commission at Austin.
1956-02-23
Amarillo Daily News 1956-08-30
Newspaper article
This article relates the reaction from a Federal District judge to an effigy found hanging on Main Street in Mansfield. Equating the seriousness of the effigy to voter fraud, the judge also hints that more trouble may be coming to Mansfield in the next few days. The article also notes the reactions of the Tarrant County Sheriff and L. Clifford Davis, neither of whom takes the effigy to be a “threat of violence” against the blacks of Mansfield.
"Mansfield Probe Ordered," Amarillo Daily News (Amarillo, TX), Aug. 30, 1956.
Amarillo Daily News
1956-08-30
Amarillo Daily News 1956-08-31
Newspaper article
This article focuses on the anger of white residents towards the mandate of integration. That anger is directed at black residents who would try to register, the County Sheriff who showed up at the school, and the Judges who are mandating integration. Machine guns in the hands of the mob was mentioned more than once, and threats of violence to one Mansfield black resident shows the lengths to which the white mob is willing to go. The article also states how many school districts are already integrated in the state, as well as the Mansfield School Board’s next step in their fight against integration.
"Use of Force Is Threatened," Amarillo Daily News (Amarillo, TX), Aug. 31, 1956.
Amarillo Daily News
1956-08-31
Amarillo Daily News 1956-09-01
Newspaper article
This article, and the picture that accompanied it on the front page, builds the tension that had already started to boil the day before. It details the mobs’ efforts to search for blacks’ on incoming school buses, as well as a confrontation and shoving match that ensued between the mob and Assistant District Attorney Grady Hight of Fort Worth. Governor Shivers wastes no time in laying blame with the NAACP for the problems at Mansfield as he sends orders to both the Texas Rangers and the school. The NAACP, through attorney L. Clifford Davis, refuses to subject the black students to the threat of violence and unsuccessfully attempts to enroll them via telegram. The article also progresses the courtroom battle for the Mansfield School District saying the appeal in Houston was denied.
McGraw, Preston. "Transfers Ordered at Mansfield," Amarillo Daily News (Amarillo, TX), Sept. 1, 1956.
Amarillo Daily News
1956-09-01